Rhinitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose.
It is a common condition and can be caused by various factors, including allergies, infections, irritants, and other underlying medical conditions.
There are two main types of rhinitis:
Allergic Rhinitis: Also known as hay fever, allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold spores. When a person with allergic rhinitis is exposed to these allergens, their body releases chemicals like histamine, which causes symptoms such as sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, and an itchy throat.
Non-Allergic Rhinitis: This type of rhinitis is not caused by allergies and can be triggered by various factors, including irritants like smoke, pollution, strong odors, or changes in weather. Non-allergic rhinitis can also be caused by infections (viral or bacterial), hormonal changes, medications, or underlying health conditions.
Common symptoms of rhinitis, whether allergic or non-allergic, may include:
Sneezing
Runny or stuffy nose
Itchy or watery eyes
Postnasal drip (mucus draining down the throat)
Coughing
Fatigue
Treatment for rhinitis depends on the underlying cause and may include:
Allergy Management: For allergic rhinitis, avoiding allergens and using antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, or allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) can help manage symptoms.
Symptomatic Relief: Non-allergic rhinitis may be treated with decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, and antihistamines to alleviate symptoms.
Infectious Rhinitis: If rhinitis is caused by a viral or bacterial infection, treatment may involve rest, fluids, and sometimes antiviral or antibiotic medications.
Lifestyle Changes: Regardless of the cause, measures like using air purifiers, maintaining good indoor air quality, and practicing good hand hygiene can help prevent and manage rhinitis.
It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan, as the approach will vary based on the specific cause of rhinitis and the individual’s medical history.
Chronic or severe cases of rhinitis may require further evaluation by an allergist or ear, nose, and throat specialist.
