Marine Iguana
Doodlebrary
1. Habitat
- The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) is a unique species of lizard found exclusively on the Galápagos Islands. It is the only sea-going lizard in the world.
2. Habitat
- Marine iguanas inhabit rocky shores, coastal areas, and the intertidal zones of the Galápagos Islands. They are adapted to both land and sea, often seen basking on volcanic rocks and swimming in the ocean.
3. Physical Characteristics
- They have dark, rough skin that helps absorb sunlight after swimming in the cold ocean.
- Males are larger than females, ranging from 1 to 1.3 meters in length, while females can grow up to about 0.6 meters.
- Their flattened tails and strong limbs are well-suited for swimming, allowing them to navigate the ocean effectively.
4. Diet
- Marine iguanas are herbivores, feeding primarily on algae. They dive into the ocean, often going up to 10 meters deep, to graze on seaweed.
- They use their sharp claws to cling to rocks underwater while they feed on algae and seaweed.
5. Adaptations
- They have evolved special glands to excrete excess salt, which they ingest from seawater while feeding. The salt is expelled through their nasal glands, often in the form of sneezes.
- Their dark coloration helps them absorb heat quickly after spending time in cold ocean water.
6. Breeding and Lifespan
- Breeding season typically occurs between December and March. Males establish territories and compete for mates through displays of head-bobbing and pushing matches.
- Females lay eggs in sandy nests, usually laying 1 to 6 eggs at a time.
- Marine iguanas have a lifespan of about 12 to 20 years in the wild.
7. Behavior
- Marine iguanas are excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for up to 30 minutes while diving for food.
- When not feeding, they spend most of their time basking in the sun to warm up their bodies.
- They are generally slow and calm but can become aggressive during mating season, particularly males defending territories.
8. Conservation Status
- Marine iguanas are currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction, invasive species, and climate change, which threaten their food supply.
- Conservation efforts in the Galápagos Islands are focused on preserving their habitats and protecting the species from invasive predators.
9. Significance in Ecosystem
- As herbivores, marine iguanas play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the marine ecosystem by controlling the growth of algae in the intertidal zones.
10. Fascination for Scientists
- Their ability to adapt to such an extreme environment, including their remarkable ability to shrink in size during food shortages, makes them a subject of interest for evolutionary biologists.
11. Threats
- The introduction of non-native species such as dogs, cats, and rats has increased the predation of iguanas and their eggs.
- Climate change and rising sea levels may alter their food sources and nesting areas, further endangering their populations.
12. Importance to Ecotourism
- Marine iguanas are a popular attraction for ecotourists visiting the Galápagos Islands, providing an economic incentive to protect their habitat and ensure their survival.
